When biodiesel is blended with petroleum diesel, it produces a fuel that is compatible with diesel engines, displaces imported petroleum, and reduces harmful emissions. Blends like B2 (2% biodiesel and 98% diesel) and B5 (5% biodiesel and 95% diesel) are becoming increasingly common as drivers become more aware of the many benefits. Higher-level biodiesel blends, such as B20, are also becoming more widely available and can qualify for credits under the Energy Policy Act of 1992.
Benefits
As of 2006, most U.S. highway diesel fuel is limited to 15-ppm sulfur, down from a 500-ppm limit. This new ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) might have reduced lubricating properties before additives. Adding as little as 0.25% biodiesel, which is very low in sulfur, can significantly increase fuel lubricity. B2 and B5 are becoming increasingly popular for this reason.
Another reason for using B2 or B5 is to introduce a large quantity of renewable fuel into the diesel fuel market with no noticeable impact on users or fuel properties. Using 100 gallons of B5 brings roughly the same air-quality and alternative fuel use benefits as using 25 gallons of B20 or 5 gallons of B100. Minnesota adopted a statewide requirement for B2 use in 2005. After some problems from out-of-specification fuel the first winter, the program is working well. Louisiana, Maryland, and Washington have enacted similar programs contingent on state biodiesel production reaching certain levels.
What types of vehicles can run on biodiesel blends?
As long as the biodiesel used for blending meets ASTM D6751 standards, low-level biodiesel blends such as B2 and B5 can be used safely in any compression-ignition engine designed to be operated on diesel fuel. This can include light-duty and heavy-duty diesel cars and trucks, tractors, boats, and electrical generators. See a list of stations that dispense biodiesel blends.
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